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Dr. Catharine Alice MacKinnon (natural 7 October 1946) is a American feminist, scholar, lawyer, teacher, and activist. She was educated at Smith College (B.A., 1969), Yale Law School (J.D., 1977) and Yale University Graduate School (Ph.D. in political science, 1987). When of 2004, she is the Elizabeth A. Long Prof of Law at a University of Michigan Law School and is as well an extended-semipermanent Camping Professor of Law at a University of Chicago.

Career

The advocate of "feminism unmodified," the form of feminism distinguished from, for instance, Marxist or liberal approaches, MacKinnon wrote ''Towards a Women's liberationist Theory of the State, an analysis of the subordination of women to men within terms of gender focusing on the relationship between noesis & power, focusing on the state, equally exemplified by law, as a form of male power.

MacKinnon published within 1979 her path-breaking survey, "Sexual Harassment of Working Women", arguing that sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and any other sex discrimination prohibition. Her argument, number 1 accepted per court the decade prior to, was adopted by the United States Supreme Court around Meritor Economy Bank v. Vinson'', a example in which she was co-guidance & for which she wrote the brief.

Using Andrea Dworkin, and at the asking of vicinity, MacKinnon drafted a proposal for a law that defined pornography as a civil rights violation against women, & allowed women to sue the producers and distributors of porno around a civil court for redress. Around 1983 the ordinance was passed in Indianapolis, but wwhen subsequently overturned as unconstitutional by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals's ruling in U.s. Booksellers Association, Inc. v. Hudnut.

MacKinnon rejected arguments against porno according to morality. Dworkin & MacKinnon instead defined porn when: "the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures or words" that likewise includes the specific listing of concrete presentations ranging from either objectification to extreme violence. A Supreme Court of Canada largely accepted MacKinnon’s theories of equality, hatred propaganda, & porn. MacKinnon represented Linda Susan Boreman (better known under her stage title of Linda Lovelace) from 1980 until her dying within 2002.

MacKinnon has represented Bosnian & Croatian women against Serbs accused of race murder since 1992. She was co-guidance, representing known as complainant S. Kadic, in the cause Kadic v. Karadzic and won a jury finding of fact of $745 million inside Future York City inside 2000. Kadic was a number 1 experience to recognize rape as an work of racial extermination; a causa (under a United States' Alien Tort Statute) also established forced harlotry & forced impregnation when legally actionable acts of race murder. Around MacKinnon’s learn from, traditional approaches to human being rights gloss above abuses specific to women (e.g., intimate violence), two around wartime & peacetime.

Around 2001, MacKinnon was known as co-director of the Lawyers Alliance for Women (LAW) Task, an initiative of Equality Nowadays, an international non-governmental organization.

Publications
Sexual Harassment of Working Women : The Out break of Sex Discrimination (1979) ISBN 0300022999 Feminism Unmodified: Discourses in Life & Law (1987) ISBN 0674298748 Porno & Civil Rights: The Newly Day for Womens' Equality (1988) ISBN 096218490X Toward the Feminist Theory of the State (1989) ISBN 0674896467 Just Words (1993) ISBN 0674639332 Within Harm’s Way: A Erotica Civil Rights Hearings (by having Andrea Dworkin, 1997) ISBN 0674445791 Sex Equality (2001) ISBN 1566624797 Sex Equality: Sexual Harassment (2003) ISBN 1587785641 Sex Equality: Lesbian & Homosexual Rights (2003) ISBN 1587785633 Directions around Sexual Harassment Law (2003) ISBN 0300098006 Women's Populates, Men's Laws (2005) ISBN 0674015401

Court cases

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986) See [http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/hudnut.html Alternate URL] [http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/hudnut.html American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut] [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/vaw00/hudnut.html Alternate URL] 771 F.2nd 323 (Seventh Cir. 1985), aff’d, 475 U.S. 1001 (1986) Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia [1989] 1 S.C.R. 143 R. v. Keegstra, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 697 , Look at likewise James Keegstra R. v. Butler, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 452 [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diana/karadzic/4298-12.html Kadic v Karadzic] [http://laws.lp.findlaw.com/2nd/949035.html Alternate URL] Seventy F.Third 232 (2d Cir. 1995), Relistening Denied, 74 F.Third 377 (Second Cir. 1996) Cert. Denied 518 U.S. 1005 (1996).

See Also

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services MacKinnon filed an amicus brief in support of the plaintiff, Joseph Oncale. Doe v. Karadzic (93 Civ. 878). [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diana/cases.htm Alternate URL, note Kadic in Subject Matter Jurisdiction]

Feminist Theory: Catharine MacKinnon
Biography and bibliography of this United States feminist. By Kristin Switala.

PhilosophyPages: MacKinnon
A brief discussion of the life and works of Catharine MacKinnon, with links to additional information.

Mackinnon: Pornography is Oppression
1995 article from The Ethical Spectacle, evaluating MacKinnon's view of pornography and her proposed solution.

Biography.com: MacKinnon, Catharine
A one-paragraph life of this leading legal thinker.

University of Michigan Law School: Catharine MacKinnon
Official faculty page. Includes profile, list of recent publications.

Violence Against Women: Interview with Catharine MacKinnon
Transcript of an online conversation with this feminist scholar, from the Berkman Center for Internet & Society.

Catharine MacKinnon's and Andrea Dworkin's Statutory Definition of Pornography
Six separately sufficient criteria for pornography. In relation to the legal case American Booksellers, Inc. v. Hudnut.

Prof. MacKinnon an Enemy of University's Values
Article by student Justin Shubow, from the Michigan Daily Online.

Are Women Human?
MacKinnon's reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 171.

Catherine A. MacKinnon: The Rise of a Feminist Censor
A highly critical Media Coalition report by Christopher M. Finan.


Science: Social Sciences: Political Science: Political Philosophy
Society: Law: Legal Information: Legal Theory
Society: Philosophy: Feminist Philosophy




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